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For example, if “men” is included in a sentence, but “women” is omitted from that same sentence. In instances in which masculine terms were used without a feminine equivalent we assigned a score to the “more male” column. A national anthem is but one manifestation of a nation’s past – and often, of its present.Īs an illustrative exercise, we analysed the lyrics in a small selection of national anthems. However, in other cases sexism within language is inscribed in the history of a country’s use of words. One characteristic of Maori as a language is that pronouns are all gender-neutral. Similarly, in the fifth verse the English version goes “guide her in the nation’s van, Preaching love and truth to man.” While in Maori it’s “let it never be ashamed, but rather let its name be known”. Where the second verse in English says “men of every creed and race”, the Maori version has “let all people”. The English version and the Maori version of New Zealand’s national anthem differ (the Maori lyrics were adapted to fit the melody), leading to verses which were written with similar intent but carry different meanings. Sometimes the language itself is more gender-neutral. In 2010, for example, a Costa Rican woman failed in her attempt to convince the supreme court that the country’s anthem was sexist.Ĭan a national anthem be sexist, or is the debate in Canada political correctness taken one step too far?
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Other attempts to change lyrics that are often more than a century old have been less successful. The first verse of the Austrian anthem now references “sons and daughters” instead of just “sons” and the third verse uses “jubilant choirs” instead of “fraternal choirs”. In 2012 Austria changed its anthem after a campaign by a group of MPs was backed by a majority in parliament. The debate isn’t the first time sexism has been associated with a country’s national anthem. An attempt by a Liberal backbencher in the Canadian parliament to make the lyrics of the country’s national anthem, O Canada, more gender-neutral is likely to fail following opposition by several Conservative MPs.